Electric-arc lamp



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` BLEGTRIG ARG LAMP. N0. 567,227.

Patented Septl 8, 1896.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

ELIE F. G. H. FAURE AND JOHN MACHA'FFIE, OF SOHENEOTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO vTHE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters `Patent No. 567,227, dated September 8, 1896.

Application filed March 20, 1896.

To all whom zit may concern.-

Be it known that we, ELIE F. G. IAIFARE, a citizen of the Republic of France, and JOHN MACHAFFIE, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Focusing' Arc-Lamps, (Oase No. 371,) of which the following is a specifiro cation.

The present invention relates to focusing arc-lamps used for search-lights or other ap paratus requiring lamps of high candlepower. IVe show it applied to a lamp of the horizontal type.

One object o f the invention is to provide a feed mechanism which, by a simple change, made without taking the lamp apart, may be made to feed the carbons at the same or vazo rying rates of speed. In carrying out this feature of the invention two feed-screws having the same pitch are provided. To each screw is connected a carbon-holder carriage in such a manner that the carbons may be fed toward each other as they are consumed at the proper rate of speed to maintain the arc at a given focal distance from the reiiector. The desired rate of speed for each feedscrew is obtained by means of gearing con- 3o nected between the screws and feed mechanism. By changing the ratio between the gears any rate of speed may be secured, as for example, an equal speed in an alternating-current lamp where the consumption of 3 5 the carbons is equal, or unequal speeds in a direct-current lamp Where carbons with different rates of consumption are used.

The invention further relates to the construction of and supports for the carriages 4o to which are secured the carbon-holders.

Mounted on either side of the frame or forming a part thereof are two guides extending longitudinally. These guides are so arranged that one surface forms supports for one carriage, and the other surface supports the other carriage. By constructing the carriages so that one is somewhat smaller than the other, and arranging it to work .on the inner surfaces of the guides, the other on 5o the outer, the two carriages are enabled to pass each other as they are fed forward by Serial No. 584,042. (No model.)

suitable mechanism. This construction has the advantage of shortening the lamp materially, for it permits of a double use of the guides throughout their length, instead of, as in other existing lamps, using only a portion of their length for each carriage.

The carbon-holders are secured to the carriages and have a curve or incline away from them. This permits of the base or frame of 6o the lamp being made shorter, and by reason of the arrrangement of the carriages above referred to carbons of a standard length may be used and the amount consumed be as great as in lamps of other makes. The length of the guides is reduced to approximately one-half of the length of those in other existing lamps. In other words, it is equal to the distance traveled by the carriage carrying the carbon having the greater rate of con- 7o sumption.

A further advantage is obtained in the present construction of carbon -holders in that they are made thin in the direction of the beam of light. This does away with practically all the shadows so objectionable in lamps of this class.

The invention also relates to the arrangement of the parts of the lamp in such a manner that the mechanical parts, such as the 8o carriages and feed-screws, are in one half of the lamp, and the electrical parts, such as the contacts and feed and starting magnets, in the other. This greatly facilitates the making of repairs on the lamp and the inspection 8 5 of the parts.

The invention also relates to certain details of construction more fullypointed out in the description and claims. y

In the accompanying drawings, attached to 9o and made a part of this specication, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a lamp embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation. n Fig. 3 is a partial longitudinal section. Fig. 4t is a transverse section. Fig. 5 is a side eleva- 95 tion of the lamp with the mechanical and electrical parts arranged in separable parts of the structure. Fig. G is an end elevation of the same, and Fig. 7 is a detail of the carbon-clamp, Fig. 8 being a diagram of connec- Ico tions. Fig. 9 is a detail view of a part of the carbon-clamp.

The frame or body of the lamps is made in two pieces A A', secured together in any Suitable manner. Lugs I3 3 are cast on the sides of the 'frame A, and in these lugs are mounted rods C, on which the two carbon-holder carriages G G are adapted to travel. The frame is provided with a top plate N, which protects the operating mechanism of the lamp from dust and dirt. As the carbon-holder carriage G works on the inside of the rods C C, slots are provided in the plate N to allow the arms of the carbon-holder D to project above the top of the plate. To prevent the carbondust from sett-ling in the slots above mentioned, protecting devices M are mounted on the arm in such a manner that they travel to and fro with the carbon-holder. The arms of the carbon-holders D D are made of sheet metal and so disposed that they are thin in the direction of the beam of light. This prevents a shadowr being cast, as would be the result if the supports were ot' any other shape. By giving them a backward slant or curve away from their supports and so disposing the ends that one set will pass inside of the other the lamp is made shorter in its linear dimen sion and no wider than is consistent with rigidity.

Contacts L are mounted on either side of the frame A in a manner so that they will engage with suitable external contact devices. Connection is made from contact L to the series starting-coil 1I by means of the copper strip Z. A connection from the contactL to the shunt feed-magn et is made through the snapswitch K.

The feed-screws F F are each eut with a thread having the same pitch, the difference in their speed to compensate for the different rate ot' burnin g of the carbons being obtained by means of the gears O O. The former is mounted on the screw F and rotates with the clutch E, which is controlled by means of the armature I of the shunt-magnet .I through the medium of the clutch-lever E', strap c, and rod c'. The spring' t brings the armature I back to its normal position. An adjustable friction device T is mounted on the end of the feedscrew F to regulate its movement. One end of the feed-screw F is provided with a squared portion FS, on which a handle is mounted when it is desired to operate the lamp by hand. A make-and-break device P is mounted in any suitable way and operated by means of the armature I of the magnet J.

The series magnet Il in Figs. l and 3 is secured to the cross-piece A2 ot the frame A by means ot suitable screws. Around a portion of the feed-rod F is a sleeve F2, passing' through the yoke II' of the magnet and provided with nuts for adjusting the travel of the armature H2. To prevent the sleeve F2 from moving' with respect to the feed-screw, collars II3 and Il"l are employed and secured to the screw by means ot' pins. The spring R is adapted to be compressed when the armature II2 is attracted, and the gear O is made with teeth sufficiently long to allow the gear O on the end of the screw F' to slide to and fro as the armature is attracted or released by the magnet II.

The feed-screw F is secured against lateral movement and provided with teeth having the same pitch as those on F, the difference in their speed being obtained by varying the relation of the operating-gears. It, i'or example, it was an alternatingcurrent lamp and the carbons were consumed equally, then the relation et the gears would be one to one. It is evident from the above that the same lamp can be used i'or a variety of conditions by simply varying the relations of the gears.

The carriages G and G are each provided with a screwthreaded portion, which engages with the feed-screws F F. On the ends el;` the carriages are formed scmicircular bearings engaging with the round reds C C and making a goed working [it therewith. The bearings, as shown, extend about half-way around the rods; but this particular arrangement is not essential, any arrangement permitting the carriages to pass each other bcing within the invention.

The trame et the lamp is in circuit with the positive vside of the system, and the negative side or carbon-holder I) is insulated from the carriage G by mica or other insulating material S. Connection between the holder l) and the negative side of the lamp is made by means et the ilcxible strips ot copper c c, which are connected to the negative contact, corresponding to contact L, (shown in Fi g. 1,) on the opposite side of the lamp.

Figs. 5 and G show the fra-me A A made in two parts, as before, the feed-screws F F, carriages G G', and carbon-holders carried by the top part, and the series-wound starting-magnet II and the shunt-feed magnet .I carried by the other part. In this case R is an extension-sprin g instead ei a compression, as in the other iigures. This is connected to a red V, provided with suitable bearings allowing it to slide back and forth. rlhe outer end ot this red is bent upward and secured to the feed-rod F in any suitable manner, so that when the magnet Il attracts its armature IIa the rod will be moved from right to lei t and draw the arc, as before. In other rcspeets the lamp is the same as described above.

The advantage to be derived from this construction will be readily understood, for it enables the lamp to be quickly taken apart, and when the trouble lies in the electrical mechanism it is not necessary to dismantle the upper part of the lamp, and vice versa.

It Vis desirable to provide means for adjusting one carbon with relation to the other, and in Fig. 7 is shown the carbon-clamp d', composed of a plate j", secured to the arms QD and provided with lugs which form bearings for the adjusting bolt g. Extending upward from the plate is an invertedTshaped piece 71 to which the plates forming the holder are IOO IIO

clamped by means of the bolt k. rlhe bolt m is formed with an eccentric, and by turning this the carbon is raised or lowered in a vertical direction. One edge ofthe T-shaped piece h is provided with teeth engaging with the bolt g, and by rotating the bolt movement in a horizontal direction is obtained around the stud n as acenter.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 8, the operation of the lamp will be described. The carbons, when no current is flowing, are in contact with each other, and the series magnet II is so arranged that when energized the armature H2 is attracted and the negative carbon mounted in the clamp d and carbon-holder D, carried by the carriage G, are moved along in a horizontal plane away from the positive carbon, thus drawing the arc. The current flowing through the shunt-magnet coils J- increases as the arc grows longer, until the magnetizing force of the coils is greater than that of the spring z', and the armature I is attracted, pulling the lever c and feeding the carbons toward each other by the clutch E, gears O O', and feed-screws F F', to which are secured the carriages G G. The armature, on being attracted, breaks the sh unt-circuit at P. The armature is returned to the normal position by means of the spring c', and the shunt-circuit is again established.

Vhat we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

l. The combination in a focusing arc-lamp, of a plurality of feed-screws having the same pitch, gearing to vary the rate of feed between the screws, and means for moving one screw longitudinally with respect to the other.

2. In a focusing arc-lamp, the combination of feed-screws for the positive and negative carbons, having the same pitch and occupying parallel planes, gearing to vary the rate of feed between the screws, and a magnetically-operated device for moving one feed- `screw in a longitudinal direction independent of the other.

3. In a focusing arc-lamp, the combination of a frame, guide-rods mounted on the frame, carriages adapted to travel and pass each other on the rods, feed-screws having the same pitch connected to and adapted to actuate the carriages, a friction-clutch controlled by a shunt-magnet to actuate the screws, and a friction device in engagement with one of the feed-screws.

4. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of positive and negative carbon holders, carriages for supporting the holders, and a common supportfor the carriages permitting them to pass each other.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of positive and negative carbon holders, carriages for supporting the holders, and a common support for the carriages permitting them to pass each other in the same plane. v v

G. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of positive and negative carbon holders, carriages for the holders, a common support for the carriages permitting them to pass each other, and feed mechanism for feeding the carbons together as they are consumed.

7. A focusing arc-lamp provided with carriages for supporting the positive and negative carbon holders, the carbon-holders having a slant or curve away from each other and bearings permitting the carriages to pass one another.

8. A focusing arc-lamp provided with carriages for supporting positive and negative carbon holders, each having a slant or curve away from the other, and one of the carbonholders being arranged to pass inside of the other.

9. In a focusing arc-lamp, the combination of a frame, rods mounted on the frame, acarriage adapted to travel on the inner portions of the rods, and a carriage adapted to travel on the outer portions of the rods.

l0. In afocusing arc-lamp, the combination of a frame, rods mounted on the sides of the frame, carriages adapted to travel and pass each other on the rods, and carbon-holders supported by the carriages, each having a curve or slant away from the other.

ll. In a focusing arc-lamp, the combination of a frame, guides mounted on the frame, a carriage for the positive-carbon holder traveling on the outer portions of the guides, a carriage for the negative-carbon holder traveling on the inner portions of the guides, the carbon-holder carriages being arranged to pass each other while feeding the carbons toward each other.

l2.- In afocusing arc-lamp, the combination of carbon-holders, carriages for the holders, side rods to support the carriages, working on the inside and outside of the rods respectively and half-round bearings for the carriages arranged to pass each other on the rods.

1 3. In a focusing arc-lam p, the combination of carbon-clamps mounted on carbon-holders having a curve or slant away from each other, and carriages for the holders provided with common supports arranged to pass each other in feeding the carbons together.

lat. The combination in an electric arc lamp, of a frame provided with guides, a carriage for the negative-carbon holder adapted to travel on the inner surfaces of the guides, a carriage for the positivecarbon holder adapted to travel on the outer surface of the guides, and arms for the carbon-holders separated at the base but approaching each other at the top, the arms of one carriage arranged to pass between the arms of the othercarriage.

l5. In an adjusting-clamp for an electriclight carbon, the combination of a plate secured to the carbon-holder, an inverted-T- shaped piece pivoted to the plate, two clamping-pieces securedto the inverted T., a clamping-bolt, an eccentric for moving the carbon IOO IIO

IZO

in a Vertical plane, and a bolt engaging with so arranged that they maybe separated withteeth on one end of the inverted T, forlnovont taking the whole lanlp down. ing the carbon in a horizontal plane. In witness whereof we have hereunto set 1G. Inafoensingaro-lainp, the Combination our hands this 19th day of March, 1896. 5 of a frame separable into two parts, the line of division being in a plane parallel with the ELIE F. G. ll. FAURE. earbons, Carbon-holders, guidesand eed- JOHN MACIIAFFIE. screws being carried by one half of the frame, lVitnesses:

and the starting and shunt magnets by the B. B. HULL,

1o other half of the frame, the two halves being A. F. MACDONALD. 

